The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of the host cell. This behavior often results in the formation of a lump which is termed as Tumor.
Cancer Biology deals with the total behavior of the cancer cell in the host. This involves finding the cause of the abnormal behavior of cells, how these cancer cells progress and move to other organs, cell growth, metastasis, their effect on usual organ functioning, the role of the host immune system in controlling it etc…
To understand all these aspects one has to study these cells at the molecular level. Signaling between the cells holds the solution for all these. Though the recent research on these has revealed a great amount of knowledge base for many questions related to the cancer progress, diagnosis, cure and Management answers are found only by understanding the basic knowledge obtained after the study Biology of these Cancer Cells.
Cancer is considered to be the main reason for deaths across the globe. The cure for cancer is still a matter of research . However, there are few curing techniques available only if the person is diagnosed at the early growth stages. So cancer diagnosis becomes a very important part of an individual’s survival.
Since the cancer cells exhibit properties of a normal cell until it reaches malignant stages, it becomes difficult to diagnose. However few symptoms can act as the signals for the Cancer growth. Once these symptoms are encountered one will have to undergo diagnosis techniques like Biopsy, Radiography etc… Through these methods, the practitioner will be able to predict the stage of cancer and survivability of the patients.
Some of the tests conducted to diagnose the Cancer are-
Translational Oncology is the field of Cancer Research where a series of research conducted at the labs come out with a novel approach towards the Cancer therapy. This branch of science involves many interdisciplinary subjects. Researchers here will have to be familiar with all the knowledge.
This is considered to be the next big thing in Cancer Research with great no of employability and Commercial opportunities available. Translational research has advanced from recognizing a solitary change driving genome to the high-throughput cutting edge entire genome sequencing investigations. Late advances in Omics have expanded our insight into the procedures underlying malignancy development.
Cancer is one of the main sources of death everywhere throughout the world. Its frequency is demonstrating an expanding pattern in different parts of the earth and has been a noteworthy general medical issue in spite of advances in the comprehension of the atomic and cell occasions that underlie.
Cancers are differentiated by the region of origin in the host body. Till date, 100+ types of cancers have been identified and the research on the same is continuing. There are many categories which are to be unraveled.
Some of the most common cancer types which are seen around the globe are:
As stated earlier, cancer research is an interdisciplinary subject; Cancer Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the role of host immunity and its behavior to the growth of cancer.
The immune system helps us in fighting against the foreign invaders. However, cancer cells not being foreign cells to the host are very difficult to be identified by the host immunity as a threat. Only when the cancer cells start to release certain molecules which are specific to the cancer cells, host immune cells try to act against the cancer cells.
Cancer immunosurveillance is considered to be the only reliable host mechanism against the Tumor growth in the human body by inhibiting the carcinogenesis and also maintaining a regular cellular homeostasis.
Oncology medical nurses work in a multi-disciplinary group, in an assortment of settings, from the inpatient ward to deep down marrow transplant unit, through to the group. Oncology nurses regularly fill in as your first line of correspondence and help organize the numerous parts of care all through cancer treatment. They may play out various obligations.
An Oncology Nurse gives care to malignancy patients and those in danger of getting the infection. Oncology medical caretakers must oversee both the side effects of a patient's ailment and the reactions of different tumor medications. They screen physical conditions, endorse medicine, and regulate chemotherapy and different medications. Oncology medical attendants witness much enduring; however, this pressure is balanced by the long haul connections they regularly create with patients and their families.
Pharmacology is a branch of Medicine that deals with the use of the drugs in their formulations, intake and their mechanism inside the host.
Cancer Pharmacology is a branch of Pharmacology which deals with the drug taken to suppress the growth of cancer. This branch usually deals with the interaction of the drug molecules with the cancer cells, how they behave with the normal host cells and tumor cells, their ability to differentiate both and their mechanism of killing the cancer cells.
Drug Discovery and Development in the field of Oncology is solely depending on Cancer Pharmacology. Here the drug molecules developed will be first tried in the In-silico models later the succeeded ones will be given to the animal models. Approved drugs will be used for the use of humans.
Biomarkers are the Biological subjects which are used to detect the presence of tumor in the early stages.
Biomarkers give a capable and dynamic way to deal with understanding the range of tumors with applications in observational and logical the study of disease transmission, randomized clinical trials, screening, analysis, and detection. Characterized as changes in the constituents of tissues or body liquids, these markers offer a method for homogeneous arrangement of a sickness and hazard factor, and they can expand one's fundamental data about the hidden pathogenesis of cancer.
The objectives in tumor explore incorporate discovering biomarkers that can be utilized for the early location of carcinogenesis, outline singular treatments, and to recognize fundamental procedures associated with the malady. Since such a significant number of heap forms are associated with the unhealthy states, the objective is like 'finding a needle in a pile'. In any case, the improvement of many - Omics advancements, for example, genomics and proteomics, has enabled us to screen countless cell pathways at the same time. This has empowered the distinguishing proof of biomarkers and flagging atoms related to cell development, cell passing, and cell digestion. These are additionally encouraging in checking the practical unsettling influence, sub-atomic and cell damage and reaction.
This is a branch of genomics which deals with the genomic content of the host. How the genomes in the host affect the carcinogenesis and what will happen if simple changes occur in these, what can be done to prevent this from happening or to cure the same.
The entire DNA contained in your cells makes up your genome. In many cells, the genome is bundled into two arrangements of chromosomes: one set each from the parents. These chromosomes are made out of six billion individual DNA letters. In the English letter set, there are 26 letters: A through Z. In the letters in order of our qualities, there are four letters: A, C, G and T. Much the same as the letters in a book make words to recount a story, so do the letters in our genomes. Genomics is the investigation of the grouping of these letters in your DNA and how each series of letters passes data to enable every cell in your body to work legitimately.
In tumor cells, little changes in the hereditary letters can change what a genomic word or sentence implies. A changed letter can make the cell make a protein that doesn't enable the cell to fill in as it should. These proteins can influence cells to develop rapidly and cause damage to the neighboring cells. By concentrating on the cancer genome, researchers can find what letter changes are making a cell turn into a disease. The genome of a tumor cell can likewise be utilized to reveal to one sort of tumor from another. Sometimes, considering the genome in a disease can help distinguish a subtype of growth inside that compose, for example, HER2+ breast tumor. Understanding the malignancy genome may likewise enable a researcher to choose the best treatment for every patient.
Drug discovery is a process where the cure for the disease is found. This is a multistep process which involves a great amount of investment in terms of time and finance.
Cancer is believed not be cured any drugs. However, there are many instances where people have come out of this disease successfully, thanks to the researchers who have developed some efficient molecules which can suppress and kill the tumor cells.
As a first step, the cause of the disease is identified. Here it might be a molecule or an Organism. Once the cause is identified, a hypothesis for the target molecules are drawn and certain molecule groups are chosen to encounter the target molecule/Organism. In the modern method, these molecules are chosen by algorithms and often selected from the databases based upon their structures and composition. Later these are subjected to the target molecule in silico models. Many of the molecules lose the race here and few make it to the next level of testing where the selected models are subjected to animal models. Once these molecules are proven to be safe and efficient in the animal models, they are approved to test on the human. After rigor testing and monitoring, a suitable molecule with all ideal characteristics is approved by the governing body and released into the market.
For treating most of the cancer types, drugs from the chemical sources are used. Till date, they are considered to be the reliable sources for the medicines. However, due to the side effects and the cost involved in the development makes it difficult to be available for everyone. This is where alternative medicines come into the light.
Alternative medicines can be of natural sources, therapy etc. They are either provided in supplement with the chemical drugs or prescribed separately. One must take it to the note that alternative medicines may not be very efficient in killing the cancer cells but considering the less no. of effects which it has on the host and affordability, they are being popularized now around the globe.
The epidemiology of cancer is the investigation of the variables influencing growth, as an approach to construe conceivable patterns and causes. The investigation of growth the study of disease transmission utilizes epidemiological strategies to discover the reason for tumor and to recognize and create enhanced medicines.
This region of study must fight with issues of lead time inclination and length time predisposition. Lead time predisposition is the idea that early analysis may falsely expand the survival measurements of a tumor, without extremely enhancing the regular history of the illness. Length inclination is the idea that slower developing, more sluggish tumor will probably be analyzed by screening tests, however, changes in diagnosing more instances of lethargic malignancy may not convert into better patient results after the execution of screening programs. A related concern is an overdiagnosis, the propensity of screening tests to analyze disease that may not really affect the patient's lifespan.
Cancer being one of the deadliest diseases in the world many have made it as priority to find complete cure for this. The same reason has made much advancement to be evolved in recent years.
Cancer research has brought improvements in Bioinformatics for developing better drug development tools, Radiology to bring better diagnosis tools, Surgery to bring better options to achieve minimal invasive methods.
Medical Oncology is a type of treatment where Cancer cells are treated with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy, and targeted therapy.
Radiation oncology is a field of cancer treatment where the tumor is treated with the assistance of the radiations.
Radiation treatment utilizes high-energy radiation to contract tumor and murder malignancy cells. X ray-beams, gamma beams, and charged particles are sorts of radiation utilized for cancer treatment.
The radiation might be conveyed by a machine outside the body, or it might originate from radioactive material put in the body close tumor cells. Fundamental radiation treatment utilizes radioactive substances, for example, radioactive iodine, that travel in the blood to murder malignancy cells. About portion of all tumor patients gets some kind of radiation treatment at some point over the span of their treatment.
Radiations subjected to the cancer cells damage the genome of the Cancer cells which ultimately leads to the death of the tumor.
Robotic Oncology is the mode of Cancer treatment where cancer is removed with the help of robotic surgery. This mode of treatment is often least invasive and efficient mode of treatment.
Surgical Oncology is a mode of treatment where the tumor from the body is removed with the help of surgery conducted by the medical surgeons. Though these types of methods are being followed from the log time there are chances of reoccurring of the cancer cells as the cancer cells are only removed but not completely destroyed.
Decreasing the danger of specific cancer might be conceivable through dietary and another way of life changes. How danger can be decreased relies upon the particular tumor. Tobacco use is straightforwardly connected with 33% of all cancers. Not smoking and maintaining a strategic distance from the introduction of tobacco smoke can significantly decrease the danger of lung, kidney, bladder, and head and neck tumor. Maintaining a strategic distance from the utilization of smokeless tobacco diminishes the danger of malignancy of the mouth and tongue.
Another way of life changes diminishes the danger of a few sorts of cancer. Diminishing liquor admission can lessen the risk of liver, and oesophageal cancer. A lessened admission of fat in the eating regimen seems to diminish the danger of breast and colon disease. Evading sun introduction can lessen the danger of skin cancer. Covering uncovered skin and utilizing sunscreen moisturizer with a sun protection factor (SPF) of no less than 15 that secures against both bright An and ultraviolet B light likewise help diminish the danger of skin growth. Utilization of headache medicine and other non-steroidal mitigating drugs (NSAIDs) diminishes the danger of colorectal malignancy.
Clinical Trials is the step in drug development where the selected molecules for the disease under study are given to the patients and healthy people and animal models to know its effects.
Once these molecules clear this test without any harmful effects to the subjects under study, they are released into the market by the governing bodies.
The World Cancer Research Fund gauges that around 20% of all tumors analyzed in the US are identified with body heftiness, physical latency, overabundance liquor utilization, or potentially poor nourishment, and in this manner could be counteracted.
Bringing changes to one’s lifestyle and diet can reduce their risk of catching cancer. There are many instances where people have survived Cancer with strict diet and following a healthy lifestyle which involves daily activities like Yoga, Exercise etc…
Medical case reports are the documents where the data obtained from the research and treatment of an individual is obtained. These often help in tracking the recovery of the patient after the treatment.
Here the person under study is strictly monitored and all the data including sickness, drug regime, drug dose and the lifestyle of the patient are noted.
Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary approach that looks to repair or supplant harmed or ailing human cells or tissues to re-establish them into their typical capacity, which holds the guarantee of reforming understanding consideration in the 21st century. It might include the transplantation of undifferentiated organisms, forebear cells or tissue, incitement of the body's own repair forms, or the utilization of cells as conveyance vehicles for restorative agents, for example, genes and cytokines.
This process involves either developing the damaged tissue inside the lab and then transferring it to the host body or inducing the host body to regenerate the cells.